In view of the actual requirements of condition monitoring of the replica Ming Dynasty fu chuan, the preventive protection and safety monitoring system based on dynamic monitoring is designed in monitoring principle, system composition, hardware equipment, and interface setting, and is applied to the replica Ming Dynasty fu chuan. The monitoring results show that the system can solve the problems of unclear condition and unable to real-time monitoring and early warning, which can effectively enhance the protection and monitoring ability of the replica Ming Dynasty fu chuan.