In the welding process, marine 5083 aluminum alloy is prone to the thermal cracks, and the main reason lies in the existence of large internal shrinkage stress in the brittle temperature range. Therefore, the rolling with welding procedure is studied. The welding procedure simulation is performed with the finite element analysis software MSC.Marc, the boundary conditions such as welding heat source model, material properties, and rolling are considered comprehensively, the rolling with welding finite element model of marine 5083 aluminum alloy workpiece is established, and the postwelding residual stresses of marine 5083 aluminum alloy thin plate under normal welding procedure and rolling with welding procedure are compared. The calculation results show that the postwelding residual stress can be effectively reduced by selecting the proper distance between roller and welding gun and selecting drafts in rolling under rolling with welding procedure.