Based on the spatial distribution of summer Arctic sea ice obtained by China seventh Arctic scientific expedition, the ship hull structure response to the collision of ship and broken sea ice under the influence of ship speed, broken sea ice size, broken sea ice thickness, and broken sea ice density is studied with the fluid-structure interaction method in the LS-DYNA software by simulating the real ice distribution. Combined with the test data, the stress, energy absorption, and collision force of hull structure are obtained. The results show that: the main collision area of ship and broken sea ice is near the waterline of bow and sides; when the ship sails through the broken sea ice field, the peak values of stress, energy absorption, and collision force of hull structure increase with the increase of ship speed, broken sea ice size, broken sea ice thickness, and broken sea ice density in the broken sea ice field, but the distribution circumstances are different. The research results provide certain safety reference for ships sailing in the polar ice region.