To meet the demands of offshore photovoltaic (PV) installation in nearshore pile foundation construction, the hydrodynamic model of a PV installation vessel was established using the professional software ANSYS-AQWA. The study investigates the dynamic response characteristics of different lifting devices (rectangular spreader and rod spreader) under various wind and wave conditions. A coupled frequency-domain and time-domain analysis method was employed to evaluate the system’s motion behavior in response to parameters such as wave periods and wind speeds. Using the x-direction displacement and rolling (rx) of PV panels as key evaluation indicators, the performance of different lifting devices in complex environmental conditions was analyzed. The results show that the rectangular spreader exhibits superior stability in the motion of PV panels compared to the rod spreader, particularly in mitigating rolling under medium and high wind speeds. Additionally, the system's motion response significantly increases when the wave period approaches the natural frequency, highlighting the impact of resonance on operational safety.