With the rapid development of the offshore wind power industry, real-time monitoring of the structural safety and stability of wind turbine installation platforms is crucial for ensuring long-term operation and improving construction efficiency. This paper focuses on the research and development of a structural health monitoring and evaluation system specifically designed for the "Zhongtian 9" wind turbine installation platform. We begin with a preliminary design of the system, followed by finite element analysis to identify high-stress regions of the hull. By integrating relevant literature on beam and plate bending theory, we determine the optimal sensor placement locations. Given the operational environment and working conditions of the target vessel, we select fiber Bragg grating sensors. Finally, we develop the monitoring and evaluation system using C language and conduct strength calculations and verifications for eight typical operational scenarios of the vessel. The results demonstrate that the system can accurately monitor and assess the health status of the hull structure, validating its reliability and effectiveness, and providing essential support for the safe operation of the vessel.