Aiming at the problem of parameter acquisition in the navigation state monitoring and trial performance evaluation test of unmanned surface vehicle (USV), a set of USV navigation state monitoring system is designed. First, based on the three-layer architecture of Internet of things (IOT), a monitoring scheme with small size and low power consumption is designed; Then, the multi-source sensor and STM32 microcontroller are used as the sensing layer, Lora gateway and Lora terminal are used as the data remote transmission channels, TCP protocol is used as the data remote protocol, and the cloud platform is used as the system application layer, so as to realize the data collection, transmission and application functions; Based on the requirements of the monitoring system, the threshold value is set in the application layer to realize the navigation status early warning function. Finally, the function and performance of the system are tested. The results show that the horizontal and vertical precision of the system is ± 0.02°rms, the wind speed is (0.2 ± 0.02) m / s, and the wind direction is ± 2.5 °. All the monitoring parameters and technical indicators meet the requirements, and the packet loss rate is 1.5% when the communication distance is less than 1.4km, which is about 22% lower than the traditional method. It provides technical support for further improving the USV navigation status monitoring.